Give Commands:

Potion of Water Breathing (8:00)        /give @s potion 1 20
Potion of Fire Resistance (8:00)        /give @s potion 1 13
Potion of Strength (8:00)               /give @s potion 1 32
Potion of Invisibility (8:00)           /give @s potion 1 8
Potion of Night Vision (8:00)           /give @s potion 1 6
Potion of Healing (Instant Health II)   /give @s potion 1 22
Potion of Leaping (8:00 - Jump Boost)   /give @s potion 1 10
Potion of Slow Falling (4:00)           /give @s potion 1 41

Splash Potion of Fire Resistance (8:00/6:00)          /give @s splash_potion 1 13
Splash Potion of Healing (Instant Health II)          /give @s splash_potion 1 22
Splash Potion of Invisibility (8:00/6:00)             /give @s splash_potion 1 8
Splash Potion of Night Vision (8:00/6:00)             /give @s splash_potion 1 6
Splash Potion of Slow Falling (4:00/3:00)             /give @s splash_potion 1 41
Splash Potion of Strength (8:00/6:00)                 /give @s splash_potion 1 32
Splash Potion of Water Breathing (8:00/6:00)          /give @s splash_potion 1 20
Splash Potion of Slowness (0:20/0:15 - Slowness IV)   /give @p splash_potion 1 42
Splash Potion of Weakness (4:00/3:00)                 /give @p splash_potion 1 35

Effect Commands:

/effect @s fire_resistance 99999 255
/effect @s water_breathing 99999 255
/effect @s slow_falling 99999 255
/effect @s invisibility 99999 255
/effect @s health_boost 99999 255
/effect @s instant_health 99999 255
/effect @s jump_boost 99999 127
/effect @s strength 99999 255
/effect @s speed 99999 255
/effect @s luck 99999 255
/effect @s clear (or drink milk)

Enchantment Commands:

/enchant <player> <enchantmentID> [level]
/enchant <player> <enchantmentName> [level]
Aqua Affinity            8    I     0.16.0
aqua_affinity: speeds up how fast you can mine blocks underwater
Bane of Arthropods      11    V     0.16.0
bane_of_arthropods: increases attack damage against arthropods
Blast Protection         3   IV     0.16.0
blast_protection: reduces blast and explosion damage
Channeling              32    I     1.4.0
channeling: summons a lightning bolt at a targeted mob when enchanted item is thrown (targeted mob must be standing in raining)
Curse of Binding        27    I     1.16.0
binding_curse: cursed item can not be removed from player
Curse of Vanishing      28    I     1.16.0
vanishing_curse: cursed item will disappear after player dies
Depth Strider            7   III    0.16.0
depth_strider: speeds up how fast you can move underwater
Efficiency              15    V     0.16.0
efficiency: increases how fast you can mine
Feather Falling          2   IV     0.16.0
feather_falling: reduces fall and teleportation damage
Fire Aspect             13   II     0.16.0
fire_aspect: sets target on fire
Fire Protection          1   IV     0.16.0
fire_protection: reduces damage caused by fire and lava
Flame                   21    I     0.16.0
flame: turns arrows into flaming arrows
Fortune                 18   III    0.16.0
fortune: increases block drops from mining
Frost Walker            25   II     1.1
frost_walker: freezes water into ice so that you can walk on it (and also allows you to walk on magma blocks without taking damage)
Impaling                29    V     1.4.0
impaling: increases attack damage against sea creatures
Infinity                22    I     0.16.0
infinity: shoots an infinite amount of arrows
Knockback               12   II     0.16.0
knockback: increases knockback dealt (enemies repel backwards)
Looting                 14   III    0.16.0
looting: increases amount of loot dropped when mob is killed
Loyalty                 31   III    1.4.0
loyalty: returns your weapon when it is thrown like a spear
Luck of the Sea         23   III    0.16.0
luck_of_the_sea: increases chances of catching valuable items
Lure                    24   III    0.16.0
lure: increases the rate of fish biting your hook
Mending                 26    I     1.1
mending: uses xp to mend your tools, weapons and armor
Multishot               33    I     1.10.0
multishot: shoots 3 arrows at once but only costs 1 arrow (from your inventory)
Piercing                34   IV     1.10.0
piercing: arrow can pierce through multiple entities
Power                   19    V     0.16.0
power: increases damage dealt by bow
Projectile Protection    4   IV     0.16.0
projectile_protection: reduces projectile damage (arrows, fireballs, fire charges)
Protection               0   IV     0.16.0
protection: general protection against attacks, fire, lava, and falling
Punch                   20   II     0.16.0
punch: increases knockback dealt (enemies repel backwards)
Quick Charge            35   III    1.10.0
quick_charge: reduces the amount of time to reload a crossbow
Respiration              6   III    0.16.0
respiration: extends underwater breathing (see better underwater)
Riptide                 30   III    1.4.0
riptide: propels the player forward when enchanted item is thrown while in water or rain
Sharpness                9    V     0.16.0
sharpness: increases attack damage dealt to mobs
Silk Touch              16    I     0.16.0
silk_touch: mines blocks themselves (fragile items)
Smite                   10    V     0.16.0
smite: increases attack damage against undead mobs
Soul Speed              36   III    1.16.0
soul_speed: speeds up how fast you can move across soul sand and soul soil
Thorns                   5   III    0.16.0
thorns: causes damage to attackers
Unbreaking              17   III    1.2
unbreaking: increases durability of item, in effect, by decreasing the chance of the tool, weapon, or armor taking durability damage when used